Dissertação/Tese ALTO JEQUITINHONHA EM FOCO: A SAÚDE DE COMUNIDADES PELA ABORDAGEM ECOSSISTÊMICA - PPGSaSA

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que aprofunda o conhecimento sobre saúde humana e ambiental, articulando ambiente e saúde em comunidades ribeirinhas do Alto Jequitinhonha. Metodologicamente, tratou-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, observacional e transversal. Foram coletados, junto ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), dados secundários acerca de agravos à saúde relacionados direta ou indiretamente ao acesso à água, saneamento e condições ambientais, bem como do perfil epidemiológico de municípios, considerando recortes de sexo, raça/cor e faixa etária, referentes aos anos de 2022 e 2023. No Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), foram coletadas informações sobre internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária, para o mesmo período. Foram realizadas, para coleta de dados ambientais, pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental em arquivos municipais das cidades de Serro e Diamantina. Abordagens quantitativa e descritiva, considerando frequências e proporções. Na caracterização ambiental da região e das comunidades foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa. O trabalho foi fundamentado na Abordagem Ecossistêmica em Saúde e a interpretação feita com base na comparação dos dados de saúde humana e ambientais, buscando identificar relações entre os contextos ambientais e os agravos à saúde. Os resultados revelaram a precariedade de serviços públicos essenciais, a degradação ambiental e a incidencia de agravos associados à água, saneamento e ambiente urbano. Concluiu-se que a saúde ambiental impacta diretamente a saúde humana ao favorecer a disseminação de agentes infecciosos, sendo o adoecimento intensificado por determinantes territoriais ambientais e sociais.

This paper presents the results of a study that deepens knowledge about human and environmental health, linking environment and health in riverside communities in the Upper Jequitinhonha region. Methodologically, it was a qualitative-quantitative, observational, cross- sectional study. Secondary data on health conditions directly or indirectly related to access to water, sanitation, and environmental conditions, as well as the epidemiological profile of municipalities, considering gender, race/color, and age group, for the years 2022 and 2023, were collected from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Information on hospitalizations for Primary Care Sensitive Conditions for the same period was collected from the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS). To collect environmental data, a bibliographic search and documentary research were carried out in municipal archives in the cities of Serro and Diamantina and at the Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas (IGAM). Health indicators were analyzed using quantitative and descriptive approaches, considering frequencies and proportions. A qualitative approach was used to characterize the environment of the region and communities. The study was based on the Ecosystem Approach to Health, and the interpretation was based on a comparison of human health and environmental data, seeking to identify relationships between environmental contexts and health problems. The results revealed the precariousness of essential public services, environmental degradation, and the incidence of diseases associated with water, sanitation, and the urban environment. It was concluded that environmental health directly impacts human health by favoring the spread of infectious agents, with illness being intensified by territorial environmental and social determinants. This paper presents the results of a study that sought to deepen knowledge about human and environmental health, with the aim of investigating the relationship between the environment and health in riverside communities in the Upper Jequitinhonha region. Methodologically, it was a qualitative-quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study. Secondary data on health conditions directly or indirectly related to access to water, sanitation, and environmental conditions, as well as the epidemiological profile of these municipalities, considering gender, race/color, and age group, for the years 2022 and 2023, were collected from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Information on hospitalizations for Primary Care Sensitive Conditions for the same period was collected from the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS). Environmental data collection, bibliographic research, and documentary research were also carried out in municipal archives in the cities of Serro and Diamantina and at the Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas (IGAM). Health indicators were analyzed using quantitative and descriptive approaches, considering frequencies and proportions. A qualitative approach was used to characterize the environment of the region and communities. The study was based on the Ecosystem Approach to Health, and the interpretation was based on a comparison of health and environmental data, seeking to identify relationships between environmental contexts and health problems. The results revealed significant correlations between the precariousness of essential public services, environmental degradation, and the increase in health problems associated with water, sanitation, and the environment. It was concluded that environmental health directly impacts human health by favoring the spread of infectious agents, with illness being intensified by territorial and social determinants.